NKHANI

Makina osanjikizidwa (MCCB) ndi mtundu wamagetsi otetezera magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza magetsi kuchokera pano, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa kapena kufupikitsa. Ndikulandila kwaposachedwa mpaka 1600A, ma MCCB amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pama voltages osiyanasiyana komanso mafupipafupi okhala ndi zosintha zamaulendo. Ma breakers awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa ma breakers ang'onoang'ono (MCBs) mumayendedwe akulu a PV pazodzipatula ndi kuziteteza.

Momwe MCCB imagwirira ntchito

MCCB imagwiritsa ntchito chida chotenthetsera kutentha (chinthu chotenthetsera) chomwe chili ndi kachipangizo kamene kali pamagetsi (maginito element) kuti ipangitse mayendedwe achitetezo ndi kudzipatula. Izi zimathandiza MCCB kupereka:
• Chitetezo Chambiri,
• Kuteteza Kwamagetsi pamagetsi oyenda pafupipafupi
• Kusintha kwamagetsi kuti kudulidwe.

Chitetezo Chambiri

Chitetezo chambiri chimaperekedwa ndi MCCB kudzera pazigawo zotentha. Chigawochi chimakhala cholumikizana ndi bimetallic: kulumikizana komwe kumapangidwa ndi zitsulo ziwiri zomwe zimakulira pamitengo yosiyana ikakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Nthawi yantchito yonse, kulumikizana kwa bimetallic kumapangitsa kuti magetsi azitha kudutsa mu MCCB. Pakadutsa pano mtengo wopitilira muyeso, kulumikizana kwa bimetallic kumayamba kutentha ndikuwerama chifukwa cha kutentha kwakuthupi kosiyanasiyana kwakatenthedwe. Potsirizira pake, kulumikizana kudzagwada mpaka kukankhira kapamwamba kaulendo ndikutsegula olumikizanawo, ndikupangitsa kuti dera lisokonezedwe.

Chitetezo champhamvu cha MCCB chimakhala ndi nthawi yochedwa kulola nthawi yayitali kwambiri yomwe imawonekera pazinthu zina zamagetsi, monga mafunde olowera omwe amawoneka poyambitsa ma mota. Kuchedwa kwa nthawi iyi kumalola dera kupitilizabe kugwira ntchito m'malo amenewa popanda kupunthwa ndi MCCB.

Chitetezo chamagetsi pamagetsi oyenda pafupipafupi

Ma MCCB amapereka yankho pompopompo pamavuto afupipafupi, potengera mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi. MCCB imakhala ndi koyilo yamagetsi yomwe imapanga gawo laling'ono lamagetsi pamagetsi ikadutsa mu MCCB. Pakugwira ntchito bwino, gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi lomwe limapangidwa ndi koyilo ya solenoid ndiloperewera. Komabe, pakakhala vuto lalifupi m'chigawochi, mphamvu yayikulu imayamba kuyenderera mumagetsi ndipo, chifukwa chake, gawo lamphamvu lamagetsi limakhazikitsidwa lomwe limakopa bala lapaulendo ndikutsegulira olumikizanawo.

Kusintha kwamagetsi pakudula

Kuphatikiza pa njira zopunthwitsa, ma MCCB amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kusinthana kwazomwe zingachitike pakagwa mwadzidzidzi kapena kukonza. Arc imatha kupangidwa pomwe kulumikizana kutseguka. Pofuna kuthana ndi izi, ma MCCB ali ndi njira zowonongera arc zothetsa arc.

Kudziwitsa Makhalidwe a MCCB ndi Kuwerengera

Opanga MCCB akuyenera kupereka machitidwe a MCCB. Zina mwazomwe zimafotokozedwera zafotokozedwa pansipa:
Yoyezedwa Chimango Chamakono (Inm):
Kutalika kwakukulu komwe MCCB idavotera kuti igwire. Chimango chovoteledwa pano chimafotokozera malire kumtunda kwamtunda wosinthika wamakono. Mtengo uwu umatsimikizira kukula kwa chimango.
Idavoteledwa Pakali pano (Mu):
Mtengo wovoteledwa wapano umadziwitsa nthawi yomwe MCCB imayenda chifukwa chodzitchinjiriza. Mtengo uwu ungasinthidwe, mpaka pazowerengera chimango chamakono.
Yoyezedwa zotetezera kutentha Voteji (Ui):
Mtengo uwu umawonetsa mphamvu yayikulu yomwe MCCB imatha kuyimitsa pama lab. Mphamvu yamagetsi ya MCCB imakhala yocheperako kuposa mtengowu kuti ipereke chitetezo.
Yoyezedwa Ntchito Voteji (Ue):
Mtengo uwu ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yogwira ntchito mosalekeza ya MCCB. Nthawi zambiri chimakhala chofanana kapena pafupi ndi magetsi.
Kuwerengedwa Kwambiri Kupirira Voteji (Uimp):
Mtengo uwu ndiwopitilira kanthawi kochepa kwambiri kamene woyendetsa dera amatha kupirira posintha mafunde kapena kuwomba kwa mphezi. Mtengo uwu umatsimikizira kuthekera kwa MCCB kupirira kupitilira kwakanthawi. Kukula kwamayeso oyeserera mwamphamvu ndi 1.2 / 50µs.
Kugwira Ntchito Yoyenda Pafupipafupi (Zizindikiro):
Uku ndiye kulakwitsa kwakukulu komwe MCCB imatha kuthana nako osawonongeka kwamuyaya. Ma MCCB nthawi zambiri amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pambuyo poti kusokonekera kwakulakwitsa atapanda kupitirira mtengo wake. Kukwera kwa ma Ics, kumakhala kodalirika kwambiri pakuzungulira kwa dera.
Kutha Kwambiri Kudera Kwakanthawi (Icu):
Uku ndiye kulakwitsa kwakukulu komwe MCCB imatha kuthana nako.Ngati vuto lomwe lilipo likuposa mtengowu, MCCB silingathe kupunthwa. Poterepa, makina ena otetezera omwe amatha kuthyola kwambiri ayenera kugwira ntchito. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti kudalirika kwa MCCB Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti ngati cholakwikacho chikadutsa Ics koma sichiposa Icu, MCCB imatha kuchotsa vutolo, koma itha kuwonongeka ndipo ingafunike m'malo mwake.
Mawotchi Moyo: Iyi ndi nthawi yochulukirapo yomwe MCCB ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamanja isanalephereke.
Moyo wamagetsi: Iyi ndi nthawi yochulukirapo yomwe MCCB imatha kupunthwa isanalephereke.

Kukula kwa MCCB

Ma MCCB oyenda pamagetsi amayenera kukhala okulira kutengera momwe madera akuyendera pakadali pano komanso ma vuto omwe angakhalepo. Njira zitatu zikuluzikulu posankha ma MCCB ndi:
• Voteji yogwira ntchito (Ue) ya MCCB iyenera kukhala yofanana ndi yamagetsi yamagetsi.
• Mtengo waulendo wa MCCB uyenera kusinthidwa malingana ndi momwe katundu wanyamula pano.
• Kutha kwa MCCB kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa maganizidwe olakwika omwe angakhalepo.

Mitundu ya MCCB

Chithunzi 1: Ulendo wokhotakhota wa mtundu B, C, ndi D MCCBs

Kusamalira MCCB

Ma MCCB amakhala ndi mafunde apamwamba; chifukwa chake kukonza ma MCCB ndikofunikira kuti ntchito zitheke. Zina mwazomwe zimakonzedwa zikufotokozedwa pansipa:

1. Kuyendera Kwamawonekedwe
Mukamayang'ana MCCB, ndikofunikira kusamala ndi olumala kapena ming'alu yotchingira kapena kutchinjiriza. Zizindikiro zilizonse zowotcha polumikizana kapena poyimitsa ziyenera kusamalidwa.

2. Mafuta
Ma MCCB ena amafuna kuti pakhale mafuta okwanira kuti zitsimikizire kuyendetsa bwino kwa switch yolumikizira ndi ziwalo zamkati zosunthira.

3. Kukonza
Dothi lomwe limasungidwa pa MCCBs lingawononge ziwalo za MCCB. Ngati dothi likuphatikizira chilichonse chomwe chingapangitse kuti ichitike pakadali pano ingayambitse vuto mkati.

4. Kuyesedwa
Pali mayeso atatu akulu omwe amachitika ngati gawo lokonza MCCB.
Kuyesa Kukaniza Kutsutsa:
Kuyesa kwa MCCB kuyenera kuchitidwa podula MCCB ndikuyesa kutchinjiriza pakati pazigawo zonse komanso malo operekera katundu ndi katundu. Ngati kuyerekezera kutchinjiriza kumakhala kotsika poyerekeza ndi komwe opanga akupangira kutchinjiriza ndiye kuti MCCB silingathe kupereka chitetezo chokwanira.

Lumikizanani Kutsutsana
Kuyesaku kumachitika poyesa kukana kwa olumikizana ndi magetsi. Mtengo woyesedwa umafanizidwa ndi mtengo wofotokozedwa ndi wopanga. Mumikhalidwe yantchito yabwinobwino, kukana kulumikizana kumakhala kotsika kwambiri chifukwa ma MCCB amayenera kuloleza kugwiranso ntchito ndi zotayika zochepa.

Mayeso Otchera
Kuyesaku kumachitika poyesa kuyankha kwa MCCB pansi pazoyeserera zowonjezereka komanso zolakwika. Kutetezedwa kwa matenthedwe kwa MCCB kumayesedwa poyendetsa nyengo yayikulu kudzera mu MCCB (300% yamtengo wake). Ngati wophwanyidwayo alephera kukhumudwa, ndiye kuti walephera kuteteza matenthedwe. Kuyesa kwa maginito kutetezedwa kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito nyemba zazifupi kwambiri zaposachedwa kwambiri. Pazikhalidwe zabwinobwino, maginito amateteza nthawi yomweyo. Kuyesaku kuyenera kuchitidwa kumapeto kwake chifukwa mafunde akulu amakulitsa kutentha kwa olumikizana ndi kutchinjiriza, ndipo izi zitha kusintha zotsatira za mayeso ena awiri.

Mapeto
Kusankhidwa koyenera kwa ma MCCB pazofunikira pakufunika ndikofunikira popereka chitetezo chokwanira m'malo omwe ali ndi zida zamagetsi zazikulu. Ndikofunikanso kuchita zosamalira pafupipafupi ndipo nthawi iliyonse itatha njira zoyendera kuti zitsimikizike kuti tsambalo likusungidwa.